How to format a JavaScript date
How to format a JavaScript date
Accepted Answer
For custom-delimited date formats, you have to pull out the date (or time) components from a DateTimeFormat
object (which is part of the ECMAScript Internationalization API), and then manually create a string with the delimiters you want.
To do this, you can use DateTimeFormat#formatToParts
:
const date = new Date('2010-08-05')
const dateTimeFormat = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en', { year: 'numeric', month: 'short', day: '2-digit' })
const [{ value: month },,{ value: day },,{ value: year }] = dateTimeFormat .formatToParts(date )
console.log(`${day}-${month}-${year }`)
console.log(`${day}${month}${year}`) // just for fun
You can also pull out the parts of a DateTimeFormat
one-by-one using DateTimeFormat#format
, but note that when using this method, as of March 2020, there is a bug in the ECMAScript implementation when it comes to leading zeros on minutes and seconds (this bug is circumvented by the approach above).
const d = new Date('2010-08-05')
const ye = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en', { year: 'numeric' }).format(d)
const mo = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en', { month: 'short' }).format(d)
const da = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en', { day: '2-digit' }).format(d)
console.log(`${da}-${mo}-${ye}`)
When working with dates and times, it is usually worth using a library (eg. moment.js, luxon) because of the many hidden complexities of the field.
Note that the ECMAScript Internationalization API, used in the solutions above is not supported in IE10 (0.03% global browser market share in Feb 2020).
Popular Answer
If you need slightly less control over formatting than the currently accepted answer, Date#toLocaleDateString
can be used to create standard locale-specific renderings. The locale
and options
arguments let applications specify the language whose formatting conventions should be used, and allow some customization of the rendering.
Options key examples:
- day:
The representation of the day.
Possible values are "numeric", "2-digit". - weekday:
The representation of the weekday.
Possible values are "narrow", "short", "long". - year:
The representation of the year.
Possible values are "numeric", "2-digit". - month:
The representation of the month.
Possible values are "numeric", "2-digit", "narrow", "short", "long". - hour:
The representation of the hour.
Possible values are "numeric", "2-digit". - minute:
The representation of the minute.
Possible values are "numeric", "2-digit". - second:
The representation of the second.
Possible values are "numeric", 2-digit".
All these keys are optional. You can change the number of options values based on your requirements, and this will also reflect the presence of each date time term.
Note: If you would only like to configure the content options, but still use the current locale, passing null
for the first parameter will cause an error. Use undefined
instead.
For different languages:
- "en-US": For English
- "hi-IN": For Hindi
- "ja-JP": For Japanese
You can use more language options.
For example
var options = { weekday: 'long', year: 'numeric', month: 'long', day: 'numeric' };
var today = new Date();
console.log(today.toLocaleDateString("en-US")); // 9/17/2016
console.log(today.toLocaleDateString("en-US", options)); // Saturday, September 17, 2016
console.log(today.toLocaleDateString("hi-IN", options)); // शनिवार, 17 सितंबर 2016
You can also use the toLocaleString()
method for the same purpose. The only difference is this function provides the time when you don't pass any options.
// Example
9/17/2016, 1:21:34 PM
References:
Read more... Read less...
Use the date.format library:
var dateFormat = require('dateformat');
var now = new Date();
dateFormat(now, "dddd, mmmm dS, yyyy, h:MM:ss TT");
returns:
Saturday, June 9th, 2007, 5:46:21 PM
If you need to quickly format your date using plain JavaScript, use getDate
, getMonth + 1
, getFullYear
, getHours
and getMinutes
:
var d = new Date();
var datestring = d.getDate() + "-" + (d.getMonth()+1) + "-" + d.getFullYear() + " " +
d.getHours() + ":" + d.getMinutes();
// 16-5-2015 9:50
Or, if you need it to be padded with zeros:
var datestring = ("0" + d.getDate()).slice(-2) + "-" + ("0"+(d.getMonth()+1)).slice(-2) + "-" +
d.getFullYear() + " " + ("0" + d.getHours()).slice(-2) + ":" + ("0" + d.getMinutes()).slice(-2);
// 16-05-2015 09:50
Well, what I wanted was to convert today's date to a MySQL friendly date string like 2012-06-23, and to use that string as a parameter in one of my queries. The simple solution I've found is this:
var today = new Date().toISOString().slice(0, 10);
Keep in mind that the above solution does not take into account your timezone offset.
You might consider using this function instead:
function toJSONLocal (date) {
var local = new Date(date);
local.setMinutes(date.getMinutes() - date.getTimezoneOffset());
return local.toJSON().slice(0, 10);
}
This will give you the correct date in case you are executing this code around the start/end of the day.
Custom formatting function:
For fixed formats, a simple function make the job. The following example generates the international format YYYY-MM-DD:
function dateToYMD(date) {
var d = date.getDate();
var m = date.getMonth() + 1; //Month from 0 to 11
var y = date.getFullYear();
return '' + y + '-' + (m<=9 ? '0' + m : m) + '-' + (d <= 9 ? '0' + d : d);
}
console.log(dateToYMD(new Date(2017,10,5))); // Nov 5
The OP format may be generated like:
function dateToYMD(date) {
var strArray=['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec'];
var d = date.getDate();
var m = strArray[date.getMonth()];
var y = date.getFullYear();
return '' + (d <= 9 ? '0' + d : d) + '-' + m + '-' + y;
}
console.log(dateToYMD(new Date(2017,10,5))); // Nov 5
Note: It is, however, usually not a good idea to extend the JavaScript standard libraries (e.g. by adding this function to the prototype of Date).
A more advanced function could generate configurable output based on a format parameter.
If to write a formatting function is too long, there are plenty of libraries around which does it. Some other answers already enumerate them. But increasing dependencies also has it counter-part.
Standard ECMAScript formatting functions:
Since more recent versions of ECMAScript, the Date
class has some specific formatting functions:
toDateString: Implementation dependent, show only the date.
http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/index.html#sec-date.prototype.todatestring
new Date().toDateString(); // e.g. "Fri Nov 11 2016"
toISOString: Show ISO 8601 date and time.
http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/index.html#sec-date.prototype.toisostring
new Date().toISOString(); // e.g. "2016-11-21T08:00:00.000Z"
toJSON: Stringifier for JSON.
http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/index.html#sec-date.prototype.tojson
new Date().toJSON(); // e.g. "2016-11-21T08:00:00.000Z"
toLocaleDateString: Implementation dependent, a date in locale format.
http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/index.html#sec-date.prototype.tolocaledatestring
new Date().toLocaleDateString(); // e.g. "21/11/2016"
toLocaleString: Implementation dependent, a date&time in locale format.
http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/index.html#sec-date.prototype.tolocalestring
new Date().toLocaleString(); // e.g. "21/11/2016, 08:00:00 AM"
toLocaleTimeString: Implementation dependent, a time in locale format.
http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/index.html#sec-date.prototype.tolocaletimestring
new Date().toLocaleTimeString(); // e.g. "08:00:00 AM"
toString: Generic toString for Date.
http://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/index.html#sec-date.prototype.tostring
new Date().toString(); // e.g. "Fri Nov 21 2016 08:00:00 GMT+0100 (W. Europe Standard Time)"
Note: it is possible to generate custom output out of those formatting >
new Date().toISOString().slice(0,10); //return YYYY-MM-DD
Examples snippets:
console.log("1) "+ new Date().toDateString());
console.log("2) "+ new Date().toISOString());
console.log("3) "+ new Date().toJSON());
console.log("4) "+ new Date().toLocaleDateString());
console.log("5) "+ new Date().toLocaleString());
console.log("6) "+ new Date().toLocaleTimeString());
console.log("7) "+ new Date().toString());
console.log("8) "+ new Date().toISOString().slice(0,10));
If you are already using jQuery UI in your project you could do it this way:
var formatted = $.datepicker.formatDate("M d, yy", new Date("2014-07-08T09:02:21.377"));
// formatted will be 'Jul 8, 2014'
Some datepicker date format options to play with are available here.