android.view.InflateException: Binary XML file: Error inflating class fragment

I couldn't solve my problem using provided answers. Finally I changed this:

<fragment
android:id="@+id/fragment_food_image_gallery"
android:name="ir.smartrestaurant.ui.fragment.ImageGalleryFragment"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="200dp"
android:layout="@layout/fragment_image_gallery"
tools:layout="@layout/fragment_image_gallery" />

to this :

<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/fragment_container"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="200dp" />

,

private void showGallery() {
    ImageGalleryFragment fragment = new ImageGalleryFragment()
    getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
                .replace(R.id.fragment_container, fragment)
                .commit();
    }

and it works.
If you are using it inside fragment, use getChildFragmentManager instead of getSupportFragmentManager.

TL/DR: An exception occurred during the creation of a fragment referenced from a higher-level layout XML. This exception caused the higher-level layout inflation to fail, but the initial exception was not reported; only the higher-level inflation failure shows up in the stack trace. To find the root cause, you have to catch and log the initial exception.

The initial cause of the error could be a wide variety of things, which is why there are so many different answers here as to what fixed the problem for each person. For some, it had to do with the id, class, or name attributes. For others it was due to a permissions issue or a build setting. For me, those didn't fix the problem; instead there was a drawable resource that existed only in drawable-ldrtl-xhdpi, instead of in an applicable place like drawable.

But those are just details. The big-picture problem is that the error message that shows up in logcat doesn't describe the exception that started it all. When a higher-level layout XML references a fragment, the fragment's onCreateView() is called. When an exception occurs in a fragment's onCreateView() (for example while inflating the fragment's layout XML), it causes the inflation of the higher-level layout XML to fail. This higher-level inflation failure is what gets reported as an exception in the error logs. But the initial exception doesn't seem to travel up the chain well enough to be reported.

Given that situation, the question is how to expose the initial exception, when it doesn't show up in the error log.

The solution is pretty straightforward: Put a try/catch block around the contents of the fragment's onCreateView(), and in the catch clause, log the exception:

public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup contnr, Bundle savedInstSt) {
    try {
        mContentView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.device_detail_frag, null);
        // ... rest of body of onCreateView() ...
    } catch (Exception e) {
        Log.e(TAG, "onCreateView", e);
        throw e;
    }
}

It may not be obvious which fragment class's onCreateView() to do this to, in which case, do it to each fragment class that's used in the layout that caused the problem. For example, in the OP's case, the app's code where the exception occurred was

at android.app.Activity.setContentView(Activity.java:1901)

which is

   setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

So you need to catch exceptions in the onCreateView() of any fragments referenced in layout activity_main.

In my case, the root cause exception turned out to be

Caused by: android.content.res.Resources$NotFoundException: Resource
   "com.example.myapp:drawable/details_view" (7f02006f)  is not a
   Drawable (color or path): TypedValue{t=0x1/d=0x7f02006f a=-1
   r=0x7f02006f}

This exception didn't show up in the error log until I caught it in onCreateView() and logged it explicitly. Once it was logged, the problem was easy enough to diagnose and fix (details_view.xml existed only under the ldrtl-xhdpi folder, for some reason). The key was catching the exception that was the root of the problem, and exposing it.

It doesn't hurt to do this as a boilerplate in all your fragments' onCreateView() methods. If there is an uncaught exception in there, it will crash the activity regardless. The only difference is that if you catch and log the exception in onCreateView(), you won't be in the dark as to why it happened.

P.S. I just realized this answer is related to @DaveHubbard's, but uses a different approach for finding the root cause (logging vs. debugger).

I had the same problem, issue, tried all the answers in this thread to no avail. My solution was, I hadn't added an ID in the Activity XML. I didn't think it would matter, but it did.

So in the Activity XML I had:

<fragment
    android:name="com.covle.hellocarson.SomeFragment"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

But should've had:

<fragment
    android:id="@+id/some_fragment"
    android:name="com.covle.hellocarson.SomeFragment"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

If someone would be happy to comment on why this is, I'm all ears, to other, I hope this helps.

It might not be needed for you anymore, but if further readers find it helpful. I have exact same android.view.InflateException:...Error inflating class fragment. I had all right libraries included. Solved by adding one more user permission in the AndroidManifest.xml file i.e. <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE"/>

Btw I was running Android Studio 0.8.9 on Ubuntu 12.04.

I have the same problem because I did not implement the listener. See the following code with /*Add This!*/.

public class SomeActivity extends AppCompatActivity
        implements BlankFragment.OnFragmentInteractionListener /*Add this!*/ 
{
    @Override                                                  /*Add This!*/
    public void onFragmentInteraction(Uri uri){                /*Add This!*/
    }                                                          /*Add This!*/
}

FYI, my fragment class is something like the following:

public class SomeFragment extends Fragment {

    private OnFragmentInteractionListener mListener;

    @Override
    public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
        super.onAttach(activity);
        try {
            mListener = (OnFragmentInteractionListener) activity;
        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            throw new ClassCastException(activity.toString()
                    + " must implement OnFragmentInteractionListener");
        }
    }

    public interface OnFragmentInteractionListener {
        public void onFragmentInteraction(Uri uri);
    }
}

Edit:

I also notice this same error message under another circumstances when there is an exception in the onCreate function of the Fragment. I have something as the following:

@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                         Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_main, container, false);

    int ID = getArguments().getInt("val");

    return rootView;
} 

Because I reuse this fragment, I total forget to set arguments. Then the result of getArguments() is null. Obviously, I get a null pointer exception here. I will suggest you keep an eye on mistakes like this as well.